Citations are widely recognized as being an important and distinctive property of academic texts. As a consequence, the presence or absence of citation allows the casual reader to get an immediate sense of whether a text is an academic or popular one. Because citation is such an obvious surface phenomenon, it has been much discussed in the academic world. Indeed, there are several theories about the role and purpose of citations in academic texts.
Move 1b
Move 1b
Here , It will introduce the six main theories. Two of them are of public domain, and other four are from specific authors. The first theory is widely used in manuals and it proposes that the citations are used to recognize and acknowledge the intellectual property rights of authors. They are a matter of ethics an( a defense against plagiarism. The second is well established fields like the sciences and it proposes Citations are used to show respect to previous scholars. They recognize the history of the field by acknowledging previous achievements. The other four are as mentioned before are from specific authors
While Ravetz(1971) sais that citations operate as a kind of mutual reward system. Rather than pay other authors money for their contributions, writers "pay" them in citations. Gilbert (1977) explains that citations are tools of persuasion; writers use citations to give their statements greater authority. However Bavelas (1978) think that citations are used to supply evidence that the author qualifies as a member of the chosen scholarly community; citations are used to demonstrate familiarity with the field. Finally, Swales (1991) stated that citations are used to create a research space for the citing author. By describing what has been done, citations point the way to what has not been done and so prepare a space for new research.
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